Antique Massive Bronze Djerma Manilla – African Currency – Niger

Early 20th century. Bronze. Weight: 1,667 g (58.8 oz). Dimensions: 10.0 cm (3.94″) high × 11.8 cm (4.65″) wide

Manillas are a form of traditional currency, typically made of bronze or copper, historically used in West Africa. They were produced in large numbers and in a wide variety of designs, sizes, and weights. Likely originating in the pre‑colonial period—possibly linked to early trade with the Portuguese—manillas continued to function both as a medium of exchange and as prestigious personal ornaments well into the mid‑20th century. In some cultural contexts, they are still valued today as decorative or symbolic objects.

The term manilla is thought to derive from the Spanish manella (bracelet), the Portuguese manilha (hand‑ring), or alternatively from the Latin manus (hand) or monilia, the plural of monile (neck ornament).

The Djerma (Zarma) people inhabit the arid Sahelian regions of West Africa, with many communities settled along the Niger River valley, where agriculture is supported by river irrigation. Staple crops include millet, sorghum, rice, maize, and tobacco, while cotton and peanuts are cultivated as cash crops. Livestock—especially cattle—has long been a primary store of wealth, and historically cattle were driven south for trade with coastal regions. Milk plays a central role in the daily diet. Horses were traditionally owned by individuals of high status, and the Djerma were once renowned as skilled cavalrymen.

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